Installing and Managing Python with Conda
Overview
Conda is an open-source, cross-platform, language-agnostic package manager and environment management system that allows you to quickly install, run, and update packages within your work environment(s).
Here we will cover:
What are packages?
Installing Conda
Creating a Conda environment
Useful Conda commands
Prerequisites
Concepts |
Importance |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
Helpful |
Time to learn: 20 minutes
What are Packages?
A Python package is a collection of modules, which, in turn, are essentially Python scripts that contain published functionality. There are Python packages for data input, data analysis, data visualization, etc. Each package offers a unique toolset and may have its own unique syntax rules.
Package management is useful because you may want to update a package for one of your projects, but keep it at the same version in other projects to ensure that they continue to run as expected.
Installing Conda
We recommend you install Miniforge. You can do that by following the instructions for your machine.
Miniforge uses the conda package management system and is based on Miniconda, which is a pared-down version of the full Anaconda Python distribution.
Installing Anaconda takes longer and uses up more disk space, but provides you with more functionality, including Spyder (a Python-specific integrated development environment or IDE) and Jupyter, in addition to other immediately installed packages. Also, the interface of Anaconda is great if you are uncomfortable with the terminal.
We recommend Miniforge for these reasons:
It’s quicker and takes up less disk space.
It encourages you to install only the packages you need in reproducible isolated environments for specific projects. This is generally a more robust way to work with open source tools.
It uses
conda-forgeas the default channel for packages, which is our recommended way to get up-to-date, interoperable packages…
Once you have conda via the Miniconda installer, the next step is to create an environment and install packages.
Creating a Conda Environment
A Conda environment is an interoperable collection of specific versions of packages or libraries that you install and use for a specific workflow. The Conda package manager takes care of dependencies, so everything works together in a predictable way. One huge advantage of using environments is that any changes you make to one environment will not affect your other environments at all, so you are much less likely to “break” something!
To create a new Conda environment, type conda create --name and the name of your environment in your terminal, and then specify any packages that you would like to have installed. For example, to install a Jupyter-ready environment called sample_environment, type
conda create --name sample_environment python jupyterlab
Once the environment is created, you need to activate it in the current terminal session (see below).
It is a good idea to create a new environment for every project. Because Python is open source, new versions of the tools are released frequently. Isolated environments help guarantee that your scripts use the same versions of packages and libraries to ensure they run as expected. Similarly, it is best practice to NOT modify your base environment.
Useful Conda commands
Some other Conda commands that you will find useful include:
Activating a specific environment
conda activate sample_environment
Deactivating the current environment
conda deactivate
Checking what packages/versions are installed in the current environment
conda list
Installing a new package into the current environment
conda install somepackage
Installing a specific version of a package into the current environment
conda install somepackage=0.17
Updating all packages in the current environment to the latest versions
conda update --all
Checking what conda environments you have
conda env list
Deleting an environment
conda env remove --name sample_environment
You can find lots more information in the Conda documentation or this handy Conda cheat sheet.
If you’re not a command line user, the Anaconda navigator offers GUI functionality for selecting environments and installing packages.
Summary
Conda is a package and environment management system that allows you to quickly install, run, and update packages within your work environment(s). This is important for gathering all of the tools necessary for your workflow. Conda can be managed in the command line or in the Anaconda GUI.